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{% if page.type and page.type == 'index' %} |
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{%- assign current_path = '' -%} |
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{% else %} |
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{%- assign current_path = page.url | split: '/' | last -%} |
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{%- if current_path == 'vocabulary.html' -%} |
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{%- assign current_path = page.url | replace: '/vocabulary.html', '' | split: '/' | last | append: '/vocabulary' -%} |
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{%- if page.type == 'vocabulary' -%} |
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{%- assign current_path = current_path | replace: 'ru/', '' | replace: 'en/', '' -%} |
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{%- endif -%} |
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{%- endif -%} |
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{% endif %} |
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|
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<nav class="nav"> |
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<div class="container"> |
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<h1 class="logo" style="float:left;"><a href="{{ site.baseurl }}/lessons/greek/">Ἑλληνικὴ γλῶσσα</a></h1> |
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<h1 class="logo" style="float:right;"> </h1> |
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<div class="container nav-row"> |
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<div class="nav-column"> |
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<h1 class="logo"><a href="{{ site.baseurl }}/">Ἑλληνικὴ γλῶσσα</a></h1> |
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</div> |
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<div class="nav-column"> |
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<h1 class="logo align-center"> |
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<a href="{{ site.baseurl }}/lessons/{{ page.language }}/ru/{{ current_path }}"><img src="https://glossa.info/img/RUS.png"></a> |
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<a href="{{ site.baseurl }}/lessons/{{ page.language }}/en/{{ current_path }}"><img src="https://glossa.info/img/ENG.png"></a> |
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</h1> |
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</div> |
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<div class="nav-column"> |
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</div> |
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{% comment %} |
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<h1 class="logo" style="float:right;"><a href="{{ site.baseurl }}/lessons/latin/"> Lingva latina</a></h1> |
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{% endcomment %} |
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{% unless page.title == 'Index' %} |
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<h1 class="logo" style="float:none; text-align: center;"><a href="{{ site.baseurl }}/">[^]</a></h1> |
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{% endunless %} |
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{% endcomment %} |
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</div> |
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</nav> |
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|
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--- |
||||
title: Введение |
||||
subtitle: <a href="vocabulary/#ἑλληνικός" class="hint" id="ἑλληνικός" tip="ἑλληνικός — эллинский, греческий">Ἑλληνικὸν</a> <a href="vocabulary/#ἀλφάβητον" class="hint" id="ἀλφάβητον" tip="алфавит">Ἀλφάβητον</a> |
||||
subsubtitle: Греческий алфавит |
||||
layout: lesson |
||||
language: greek |
||||
prev: Предисловие@intro/ |
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next: Урок первый@01/ |
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--- |
||||
|
||||
| Буква | | Произношение | | Буква | | Произношение | |
||||
| ----- | ----- | ------------ | ---- | ----- | ----- | ------------ | |
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| Α | α | [a] | | Ν | ν | [n] | |
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| Β | β | [β] | | Ξ | ξ | [ks] | |
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| Γ | γ[^1] | | | Ο | ο | [o] | |
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| Δ | δ | [ð] | | Π | π | [p] | |
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| Ε | ε | [e] | | Ρ | ρ | [r] | |
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| Ζ | ζ | [z] | | Σ | σ ς | [s] | |
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| Η | η | [i] | | Τ | τ | [t] | |
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| Θ | θ | [θ] | | Υ | υ | [i] | |
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| Ι | ι | [i] | | Φ | φ | [ɸ] | |
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| Κ | κ | [k] | | Χ | χ[^2] | | |
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| Λ | λ | [l] | | Ψ | ψ | [ps] | |
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| Μ | μ | [m] | | Ω | ω | [o] | |
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|
||||
<br /> |
||||
|
||||
<div style="text-align:center;"> |
||||
<h3><a href="vocabulary/#δίφθογγον" class="hint" id="δίφθογγον" tip="δίφθογγον — двоезвучие, дифтонг">Δίφθογγοι</a> — Дифтонги</h3> |
||||
</div> |
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|
||||
αι как ε.<br /> |
||||
ει, οι как η.<br /> |
||||
ου как долгий υ.<br /> |
||||
αυ, ευ rfr αφ, εφ; но как αβ, εβ перед гласными или β, η, δ, ζ, λ, μ, ω, ρ.<br /> |
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|
||||
<br /> |
||||
|
||||
<div style="text-align:center;"> |
||||
<h3><a href="vocabulary/#πνεύματα" class="hint" id="πνεύματα" tip="придыхание">Πνεύματα</a> — Придыхание</h3> |
||||
</div> |
||||
|
||||
Над начальным гласным или дифтонгом[^3] ставится знак |
||||
[᾿] <a href="vocabulary/#ψιλή" class="hint" id="ψιλή" tip="тонкое придыхание">ψιλή</a> или |
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[῾] <a href="vocabulary/#δασεῖα" class="hint" id="δασεῖα" tip="густое придыхание">δασεῖα</a>. |
||||
Оба не произносятся. |
||||
|
||||
<br /> |
||||
|
||||
<div style="text-align:center;"> |
||||
<h3><a href="vocabulary/#χρόνος" class="hint" id="χρόνος" tip="число">Χρόνος</a> — Число</h3> |
||||
</div> |
||||
|
||||
Гласные (<a href="vocabulary/#φωνήεντο" class="hint" id="φωνήεντο" tip="φωνήεντο — гласный звук">τὰ φωνήεντα</a>) ε, ο всегда краткие (βραχέα); η, ω всегда долгие (μακρά); |
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α, ι, υ бывают краткими и долгими. Все дифтонги долгие, кроме αι, οι на конце |
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слова. |
||||
|
||||
<br /> |
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|
||||
<div style="text-align:center;"> |
||||
<h3><a href="vocabulary/#τόνος" class="hint" id="τόνος" tip="τόνος — тоническое ударение">Τόνοι</a> — Ударение</h3> |
||||
</div> |
||||
|
||||
Последний слог слова называется ultima; предпоследний — penult, и третий с |
||||
конца — antepenult. |
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|
||||
Ударные слоги обозначаются знаками [´], [\`] или [῀]. |
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[´] <a href="vocabulary/#ὀξεῖα" class="hint" id="ὀξεῖα" tip="острое ударение">ὀξεῖα</a> ставится на трёх |
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последних слогах слова; на antepenult'е только когда ultima короткая, как в |
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ἄνθρωπος (человек); на ultima, когда слово стоит последним в предложении: |
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τέκνον καλόν (хороший ребёнок), в другом случае ударение заменяется на |
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[\`] <a href="vocabulary/#βαρεῖα" class="hint" id="βαρεῖα" tip="тяжёлое ударение">βαρεῖα</a>: καλὸν τέκνον. Знак |
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[῀] <a href="vocabulary/#περισπωμένη" class="hint" id="περισπωμένη" tip="облеченное ударение">περισπωμένη</a> ставится на penult или ultima, на |
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penult только при короткой ultima: δῶρον (дар). |
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|
||||
<br /> |
||||
|
||||
<div style="text-align:center;"> |
||||
<h3><a href="vocabulary/#στιγματισμός" class="hint" id="στιγματισμός" tip="пунктуация">Στιγματισμός</a> — Пунктуация</h3> |
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</div> |
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|
||||
Запятая |
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[,] <a href="vocabulary/#κόμμα" class="hint" id="κόμμα" tip="запятая">κόμμα</a> и точка |
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[.] <a href="vocabulary/#τελεία" class="hint" id="τελεία" tip="точка">τελεία</a>[^4] так же, как в русском. Двоеточие или точка с запятой обозначаются знаком |
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[·] <span class="hint" tip="колон">ἄνω τελεία</span>. Вопросительный знак обозначается точкой с запятой |
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[;] <a href="vocabulary/#ἐρωτηματικόν" class="hint" id="ἐρωτηματικόν" tip="вопросительный [знак]">ἐρωτηματικόν</a>. Восклицательный знак |
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[!] <a href="vocabulary/#ἐπιφωνηματικόν" class="hint" id="ἐπιφωνηματικόν" tip="восклицательный [знак]">ἐπιφωνηματικόν</a>[^5] как в русском языке. |
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|
||||
--- |
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|
||||
<h4>Примечания:</h4> |
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|
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[^1]: 1) Γ перед α, ο, ου произносится как [ɣ], но как [ʝ] перед ε, ι; в сочетаниях γγ, γκ — как [ng]. |
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[^2]: 2) Χ произносится как [h] перед α, ο, ου, но как [hi] перед ε и ι. |
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[^3]: 3) Придыхание или ударение ставится <em>над вторым</em> гласным дифтонга. |
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[^4]: 4) Также στιγμή. |
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[^5]: 5) Также σημείον. |
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|
@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
|
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--- |
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title: ΜΑΘΗΜΑ ΣΤ´ |
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subtitle: Μάθημα Ἕκτον |
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layout: lesson |
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language: greek |
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prev: Урок пятый@05/ |
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next: Урок седьмой@07/ |
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--- |
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|
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Ὑπὸ τὸν μέγαν νερότροχον (ἢ ὑδρότροχον, ...) τοῦ μύλου (μάθημα τέταρτον) ὑπάρχει ὕδωρ. |
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Τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ ἐκεῖ δὲν ἵσαται (στέκεται) ἀλλὰ τρέχει· τὸ ὕδωρ ῥεῖ ὑπὸ τὸν τροχόν, οὕτως () δὲ κινεῖ τὸν τροχόν. |
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Τί κινεῖ τὸν ὑδρότροχον τοῦ μύλου; τὸ ὕδωρ κινεῖ αὐτόν. |
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Τί κινεῖ τὴν ἅμαξαν καὶ τοὺς τέσσαρας τροχούς του; ὁ ἵππος <img src="img/horse.png" /> (τὸ ἄλογον, ου) κινεῖ τ. ἅ. κ. τ. τ. τροχούς του. |
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Τί εἶναι ἵππος ἢ () ἄλογον; |
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τὸ ἄλογον εἶναι ζῶον τετράποδον, διότι ἔχει τέσσαρασ πόδας· |
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ἀλλὰ εἶναι ἐπίσης () ζῶον οἰκιακόν, διότι εἶναι πλησίον τῆς οἰκίας· |
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ἡ δὲ οἰκία τοῦ ἀλόγου εἶναι ὁ σταῦλος ἢ τὸ ἱπποστάσιον· |
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ὁ ἵππος μένει ἐν τῷ σταύλῳ, ὁ ἵππος οἰκεῖ ἐν τῷ σταύλῳ. |
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|
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Ὅταν ὁ ἵππος κινῇ τὴν ἅμαξαν κινεῖ καὶ () τοὺς τέσσαρας πόδασ, κινεῖ ἑαυτόν ()· ὅταν δὲ (ἤ, ἐπεῖ δὲ, ...) τὸ ἄλογον κινῇ ἑαυτόν, πηγαίνει. Ἵσταται ὁ ἵππος ἐν τῷ ἱπποστασίῳ ἡμέραν καὶ νύκτα; αὐδαμῶς (ἤ, κατ' οὐδένα τρόπον, ...)! Τὸ πρωΐ ὅτε ὁ ἥλιος ἀναβαίνει καὶ τὸ ἄλογον σηκόνεται (), ἐξέρχεται ἐκ τοῦ σταύλου και ἕλκει τὴν πλήρη ἅμαξαν εἰς τὸν μύλον. Ποῦ () οἰκεῖ ὁ ἵππος; πόθεν () ἐξέρχεται; ποί () πηγαίνει; τί ἕλκει; |
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|
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Ὁ τροχὸς τοῦ μύλου κινεῖται () ὑπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος· οἱ μικροὶ () τροχοὶ τοῦ μύλου κινεῖνται ὑπὸ τοῦ μεγάλου ὑδροτρόχου. Ὑπὸ τίνος κινεῖνται οἱ τοῦ μύλου τροχοί; ὑπο τοῦ ὑδροτρόχου. Ὑπὸ τίνος κινεῖται ἡ ἅμαξα; ἡ ἅμαξα κινεῖται ὑπὸ τοῦ ἵππου· ὑπὸ τίνος κινεῖται ὁ ἵππος; ὁ ἵππος κινεῖ ἑαυτον (). |
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|
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<img src="img/planets.png" /> Κινεῖται ἡ σελήνη, ἡ γῆ καὶ ὁ ἥλιος; μάλιστα, κινεῖνται. Δὲν εἶναι ἡ σελήνη δορυφόρος τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἡ σελήνη κινεῖται ὑπὸ τ γ; μάλιστα, ἡ γῆ κινεῖ τὴν σελήνην. Ὑπὸ τίνος κινεῖται ἡ γῆ; αὕτη κινεῖται ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου. Τὶ κινεῖ τὸν ἥλιον; ὁ Θεός. Εἶναι ἡ γῆ δορυφόρος τοῦ ἡλίου; ὄχι, εἶναι πλανήτης. Πόσοι πλανήται ὑπάρχουσιν; ὑπάρχουσιν ὀκτὼ πλανῆται. Τί εἶναι τὰ τῶν πλανητων ὀνόματα; (ἤ, πῶς ὀνομάζονται οἱ πλανῆται); ἰδοῦ τὰ τῶν πλανητῶν ὀνόματα· ὁ Ἑρμῆς, ἡ Αφροδίτη, ἡ Γῆ, ὁ Ἄρης, ὁ Ζεύς, ὁ Χρόνος, ὁ Οὐρανός, καὶ ὁ Ποσειδῶν· ταῦτα εἶναι πάντα πλανῆται οἵτινες περὶ τοῦ ἡλίου καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου κινεῖνται ἐν τῷ οϋρανῷ. |
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|
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Οἰκοῦσιν καὶ ἐν τῷ ὕδατι ζῶα; μάλιστα, οἱ ἰχθύες <img src="img/fish.png" /> οἰκοῦσιν ἐν τῷ ὕδατι· πόσους πόδας ἔχουσιν; οἱ ἰθύες δὲν ἔχουσιν πόδας· πῶς κινοῦσιν; κολυμβῶσιν. Εἶναι ὁ ἰχθὺς ἐν τῷ ὕδατι ἡμέραν καὶ νύκτα; βεβαίως (), εἶναι πάντοτε () ἐν τῷ ὕδατι, δὲν ἐξέρχεταί ποτε. |
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|
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--- |
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|
||||
<div style="text-align:center;"> |
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<h5>Σκόλιον</h5> |
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</div> |
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|
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Ὑπάρχονσιν εἰς τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐννέα μέρη τοῦ λόγου, δδηλαδή· τὸ ἄρυρον, τὸ |
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ἐπίθητον, τὸ ὄνομα, ἡ ἁντωνυμία, τὸ ῥῆμα, τὸ ἐπίρρημα, ὁ σύνδυσμος, ὁ πρόθεσις, |
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τὸ ἐπιφώνημα. (В греческом языке существует девять частей речи, таких как: |
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артикль, прилагательное, существительное, местоимение, глагол, наречие, союз, |
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предлог междометие.) |
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<br /> |
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<div style="text-align:center;"> |
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<h6>Ἡ κλίσις τοῦ ἄρθρου</h6> |
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</div> |
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| | | Ἑνικός | | | | Πληθυντικός | | |
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|:--------------:|:--------------:|:--------------:|:--------------:| - |:--------------:|:--------------:|:--------------:| |
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| | **Ἀρσ.** | **Θηλ.** | **Οὐδ.** | | **Ἀρσ.** | **Θηλ.** | **Οὐδ.** | |
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| **Ὀν.** | ὁ | ἡ | τό | | οἱ | αἱ | τά | |
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| **Γεν.** | τοῦ | τῆς | τοῦ | | τῶν | τῶν | τῶν | |
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| **Δοτ.** | τῷ | τῇ | τῷ | | τοῖς | ταῖς | τοῖς | |
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| **Αἰτ.** | τόν | τήν | τό | | τούς | τάς | τά | |
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<br /> |
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1. Ὑπό, πρόθεσις (лат. sub.), μετὰ γενικῆς, посредством (агенс)· ἄλλως (иначе) μετ' αἰτιατικῆς, под (место, правило, условие). |
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2. Μέγαν, ἐπίθετον· μέγασ (большой) καὶ πολύς (многочисленный) εἶναι δύο ἀνώμαλα (неправильных) ἐπίθετα, ἀλλὰ μόνον εἰς τὴν Ὀν. καὶ Αἰτ. τοῦ Ἀρσ. καὶ Οὐδ. ἑνικοῦ, οἷον· μέγας, μέγαν, μέγα· πούς, πολύν, πολύ. Γεν., μεγάλου, κτλ (и т.д.)· πολλοῦ, κτλ, καθῶς (как) τὸ ἄρθρον. |
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3. Νεπόν, οῦ (ὕδωρ) вода, τροχός, οῦ (τρέχω, бежать), бегущий, <em>колесо</em>. |
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4. Ὁ μύλος, ου· τί σημαίνει εἰς τὴν Ἀγγλικήν; |
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5. Ὑπό-ἄρχω, ῥῆμα (глагол), существовать, <em>есть [нечто]</em>. |
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6. Ὕδωρ, ὄνομα τῆς τρίτης κλίσεως (склонение) ἀνοώμαλον, οἷον· ὕδωρ, ὕδατος, ὕδατι, ὕδωρ, ὕδατα, κτλ. |
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7. Ἐκεῖ, ἐπίρρημα (наречие), там. |
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8. Ἵ-στα-ται от σί-στα-ται (лат. sto), стоять. |
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9. Ῥεῖ, ῥῆμα, от ῥέ-ει (ῥέ-ω)· ὅρα rhe-um, истекать. |
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10. Κινεῖ, κινέ-ει, ἄλλο ῥῆμα συνῃρημένον (сокр.), τοῦ τρίτου προσώπου ἑνικοῦ (3 л. ед ч.), движется. |
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11. Του, ἀντωνυμία κτητική (притяж.), Аттич. αὐτοῦ, его, этого [принадлежащий этому, ф. ср.р.]. |
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12. Ἄ-λογον, ου, ὄνομα σύνθετον τῆς δευτέρας κλίσεως τοῦ οὐδ. γένους (), ... |
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13. Πόδας, ὄν. θηλ. τῆς τρίτης κλί.· ποῦς (ποδ-ς, ...), ποδὸς κτλ· ὅρα σελίδα ιε' (), ... Μονοσύλλαβα ὀνόματα τῆς τρίτης κλί. τονίζονται ἀνωμάλως κατὰ Γεν. καὶ Δοτ., Ἑν. τε καὶ Πληθ., ὡς ἄνω. () |
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14. Ζῶν, ου () ὄν. τῆς δευτέρας κλί., τοῦ οὐδ. γέν. (), ... |
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15. Σηλήνη, ης· γῆ, ῆς· ἥλιος, ου (ὅρα σελ. ε'), ... |
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16. Δορυ-φόρος, ου, ὄν. δευτέρας ἀρσ., ... |
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17. Πόσοι, -ος, η, ον, κτλ, καθῶς τὸ ἄνω ἄρθρον· ἀντωνυμιακὸν ἐπίθετον (), ...? |
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18. Ἰδοῦ, ἐπιφῶνημα, ... |
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19. Ταῦτα, ἀντων. δεικτική (), οὗτος, αὗται, τοῦτο· τούτου, ταύτης, κτλ, σελ. ι' () καὶ ιε', ... |
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20. Ἰχθύς, ύος, ὄν. τρίτης ἀρσ., ... |
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21. Κολυμβῶσιν, ῥῆ. σθνῃρημένον τρίτου πληθ. τῆς ὁριστικῆς (), ... |
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... |
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@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
|
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--- |
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title: Introduction |
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subtitle: <a href="vocabulary#ἑλληνικός" class="hint" id="ἑλληνικός" tip="ἑλληνικός — Hellenic, Greek">Ἑλληνικὸν</a> <a href="vocabulary#ἀλφάβητον" class="hint" id="ἀλφάβητον" tip="alphabet">Ἀλφάβητον</a> |
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subsubtitle: Greek Alphabet |
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layout: lesson |
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language: greek |
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lang: ru |
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prev: Preface@intro/ |
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next: First Lesson@01/ |
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--- |
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|
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| Character | | Pronunciation | | Character | | Pronunciation | |
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| ----- | ----- | ------------- | ---- | --------- | ----- | ------------- | |
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| Α | α | ah | | Ν | ν | n | |
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| Β | β | v | | Ξ | ξ | ks | |
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| Γ | γ[^1] | | | Ο | ο | o | |
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| Δ | δ | th in the | | Π | π | p | |
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| Ε | ε | ě | | Ρ | ρ | r | |
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| Ζ | ζ | z | | Σ | σ ς | s | |
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| Η | η | ee | | Τ | τ | t | |
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| Θ | θ | th in thing | | Υ | υ | ee | |
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| Ι | ι | ee | | Φ | φ | ph | |
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| Κ | κ | k | | Χ | χ[^2] | | |
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| Λ | λ | l | | Ψ | ψ | ps | |
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| Μ | μ | m | | Ω | ω | o | |
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|
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<br /> |
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|
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<div style="text-align:center;"> |
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<h3><a href="vocabulary#δίφθογγον" class="hint" id="δίφθογγον" tip="δίφθογγον — with two sounds, diphthong">Δίφθογγοι</a> — Diphthongs</h3> |
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</div> |
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|
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αι as ε.<br /> |
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ει, οι as η.<br /> |
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ου as *oo* in *moon*.<br /> |
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αυ, ευ as αφ, εφ; but as αβ, εβ before vowels or β, η, δ, ζ, λ, μ, ω, ρ.<br /> |
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<br /> |
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|
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<div style="text-align:center;"> |
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<h3><a href="vocabulary#πνεύματα" class="hint" id="πνεύματα" tip="breathing, blast, wind">Πνεύματα</a> — Breathings</h3> |
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</div> |
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|
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Over an initial vowel or diphthong[^3] stands a |
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[᾿] <a href="vocabulary#ψιλή" class="hint" id="ψιλή" tip="smooth breathing">ψιλή</a> or |
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[῾] <a href="vocabulary#δασεῖα" class="hint" id="δασεῖα" tip="rough breathing">δασεῖα</a>, but wholly silent in pronunciation. |
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<br /> |
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|
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<div style="text-align:center;"> |
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<h3><a href="vocabulary#χρόνος" class="hint" id="χρόνος" tip="quantity">Χρόνος</a> — Quantity</h3> |
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</div> |
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|
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The vowels (<a href="vocabulary#φωνήεντο" class="hint" id="φωνήεντο" tip="φωνήεντο — vowel">τὰ φωνήεντα</a>) ε, ο, are always short (βραχέα); η, ω, always long (μακρά); |
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α, ι, υ, sometimes short, sometimes long. All diphthongs are long, except αι, οι, at the end of a word. |
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<br /> |
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|
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<div style="text-align:center;"> |
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<h3><a href="vocabulary#τόνος" class="hint" id="τόνος" tip="τόνος — pitch accent">Τόνοι</a> — Accents</h3> |
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</div> |
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|
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The last syllable of a word is called the *ultima*; the next, *penult*, |
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and the third from the last, *antepenult*. |
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The accented syllables are marked by [´] or [\`] or [῀]. |
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The [´] <a href="vocabulary#ὀξεῖα" class="hint" id="ὀξεῖα" tip="acute accent">ὀξεῖα</a> stands on one of the last three syllables of a word; |
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on the antepenult, only when the ultima is short, as ἄνθρωπος, *man*; |
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on the ultima, when the word is at the end of a sentence, as, |
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τέκνον καλόν, *a good child*, otherwise it is replaced by |
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[\`] <a href="vocabulary#βαρεῖα" class="hint" id="βαρεῖα" tip="grave accent">βαρεῖα</a>, as, καλὸν τέκνον. |
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The [῀] <a href="vocabulary#περισπωμένη" class="hint" id="περισπωμένη" tip="circumflex">περισπωμένη</a> |
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stands on either the penult or the ultima; |
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on the penult, only when the ultima is short, as, δῶρον, gift. |
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<br /> |
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<div style="text-align:center;"> |
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<h3><a href="vocabulary#στιγματισμός" class="hint" id="στιγματισμός" tip="punctuation">Στιγματισμός</a> — Punctuation</h3> |
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</div> |
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|
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The |
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[,] <a href="vocabulary#κόμμα" class="hint" id="κόμμα" tip="comma">κόμμα</a>, comma, |
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and the |
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[.] <a href="vocabulary#τελεία" class="hint" id="τελεία" tip="period">τελεία</a>[^4], period, are as in English. |
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The |
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[·] <span class="hint" tip="colon">ἄνω τελεία</span>, colon or semicolon, is above the line. |
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The |
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[;] <a href="vocabulary#ἐρωτηματικόν" class="hint" id="ἐρωτηματικόν" tip="interrogation [mark]">ἐρωτηματικόν</a>[^5], interrogation mark, is the English semicolon. |
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The |
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[!] <a href="vocabulary#ἐπιφωνηματικόν" class="hint" id="ἐπιφωνηματικόν" tip="[mark of] exclamation">ἐπιφωνηματικόν</a>[^5], mark of exclamation, is the same as in English. |
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|
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--- |
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|
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<h4>Notes:</h4> |
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[^1]: Γ, before α, ο, ου, has the initial sound of *w* in *wool*, but like *y* in *yes* before ε, ι; γγ, γκ, like *ng* in *angel*. |
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[^2]: Χ pronounced like *wh* in *who* before α, ο, ου, but like *he* before ε, ι. |
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[^3]: A breathing, or accent, stands over the *second* vowel of a diphthong. |
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[^4]: στιγμή understood. |
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[^5]: σημείον understood. |
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|